HARI 3: Database dan Eloquent ORM

Bootcamp Laravel - Sistem Pengelolaan Dokumen (SiDoku)

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📋 Informasi Sesi

Item	Keterangan
Hari	3 dari 5
Durasi	8 Jam (09:00 - 17:00 WIB)
Topik Utama	Database, Migration, Eloquent ORM
Project	SiDoku - Implementasi database

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🎯 Learning Objectives

Setelah menyelesaikan sesi ini, peserta akan mampu:

1. Memahami konsep database dan MySQL
2. Membuat dan menjalankan Migration
3. Menggunakan Seeder untuk data dummy
4. Memahami dan menggunakan Eloquent ORM
5. Membuat relasi antar model (One-to-Many, Many-to-Many)
6. Melakukan operasi CRUD dengan Eloquent

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SESI 1: Pengenalan Database di Laravel

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1.1 Konfigurasi Database

Laravel mendukung berbagai database:

• MySQL / MariaDB
• PostgreSQL
• SQLite
• SQL Server

Konfigurasi di .env:

DB_CONNECTION=mysql
DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=sidoku
DB_USERNAME=root
DB_PASSWORD=

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1.2 Membuat Database

Via Laragon HeidiSQL:

1. Klik Laragon > Database > HeidiSQL
2. Klik kanan > Create new > Database
3. Nama: sidoku
4. Charset: utf8mb4
5. Collation: utf8mb4_unicode_ci

Via MySQL CLI:

mysql -u root -p
CREATE DATABASE sidoku CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
SHOW DATABASES;
exit;

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1.3 Test Koneksi

php artisan db:show

atau

php artisan tinker
DB::connection()->getPdo();

Jika tidak ada error, koneksi berhasil.

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SESI 2: Migration

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2.1 Pengenalan Migration

Migration adalah version control untuk database. Dengan migration, Anda dapat:

• Membuat tabel secara programatik
• Berbagi struktur database dengan tim
• Rollback perubahan jika terjadi kesalahan

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2.2 Membuat Migration

php artisan make:migration create_kategoris_table

Hasil: database/migrations/2025_06_20_000000_create_kategoris_table.php

Edit migration:

<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

return new class extends Migration
{
    public function up(): void
    {
        Schema::create('kategoris', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->string('nama', 100);
            $table->string('kode', 20)->unique();
            $table->text('deskripsi')->nullable();
            $table->boolean('aktif')->default(true);
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    public function down(): void
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('kategoris');
    }
};

---

2.3 Tipe Data Column

Method	Keterangan
$table->id()	Auto-increment primary key
$table->string('nama', 100)	VARCHAR(100)
$table->text('deskripsi')	TEXT
$table->integer('jumlah')	INTEGER
$table->bigInteger('total')	BIGINT
$table->float('nilai')	FLOAT
$table->decimal('harga', 10, 2)	DECIMAL(10,2)
$table->boolean('aktif')	BOOLEAN/TINYINT(1)
$table->date('tanggal')	DATE
$table->datetime('waktu')	DATETIME
$table->timestamp('created_at')	TIMESTAMP
$table->json('data')	JSON
$table->enum('status', ['draft', 'aktif'])	ENUM

Modifiers:

Modifier	Keterangan
->nullable()	Boleh NULL
->default('value')	Nilai default
->unique()	Harus unik
->unsigned()	Tanpa negatif
->after('column')	Posisi setelah column

---

2.4 Migration untuk Tabel Dokumen

php artisan make:migration create_dokumens_table

Edit:

<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

return new class extends Migration
{
    public function up(): void
    {
        Schema::create('dokumens', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->foreignId('kategori_id')->constrained('kategoris')->onDelete('cascade');
            $table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained()->onDelete('cascade');
            $table->string('judul', 255);
            $table->string('nomor', 50)->unique();
            $table->text('deskripsi')->nullable();
            $table->string('file_path')->nullable();
            $table->enum('status', ['draft', 'pending', 'approved', 'rejected'])->default('draft');
            $table->date('tanggal_dokumen');
            $table->timestamps();
            $table->softDeletes();
        });
    }

    public function down(): void
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('dokumens');
    }
};

---

2.5 Menjalankan Migration

# Jalankan semua migration
php artisan migrate

# Lihat status migration
php artisan migrate:status

# Rollback migration terakhir
php artisan migrate:rollback

# Rollback semua dan migrate ulang
php artisan migrate:fresh

# Fresh dengan seeder
php artisan migrate:fresh --seed

---

2.6 Modifikasi Tabel

Menambah column:

php artisan make:migration add_prioritas_to_dokumens_table

public function up(): void
{
    Schema::table('dokumens', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->enum('prioritas', ['rendah', 'sedang', 'tinggi'])
              ->default('sedang')
              ->after('status');
    });
}

public function down(): void
{
    Schema::table('dokumens', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->dropColumn('prioritas');
    });
}

---

SESI 3: Seeder dan Factory

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3.1 Membuat Seeder

php artisan make:seeder KategoriSeeder

Edit database/seeders/KategoriSeeder.php:

<?php

namespace Database\Seeders;

use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;

class KategoriSeeder extends Seeder
{
    public function run(): void
    {
        $kategoris = [
            [
                'nama' => 'Surat Keputusan',
                'kode' => 'SK',
                'deskripsi' => 'Surat keputusan resmi dari pimpinan',
                'aktif' => true,
                'created_at' => now(),
                'updated_at' => now(),
            ],
            [
                'nama' => 'Nota Dinas',
                'kode' => 'ND',
                'deskripsi' => 'Nota dinas internal',
                'aktif' => true,
                'created_at' => now(),
                'updated_at' => now(),
            ],
            [
                'nama' => 'Surat Tugas',
                'kode' => 'ST',
                'deskripsi' => 'Surat penugasan pegawai',
                'aktif' => true,
                'created_at' => now(),
                'updated_at' => now(),
            ],
            [
                'nama' => 'Surat Edaran',
                'kode' => 'SE',
                'deskripsi' => 'Surat edaran untuk informasi umum',
                'aktif' => true,
                'created_at' => now(),
                'updated_at' => now(),
            ],
        ];
        
        DB::table('kategoris')->insert($kategoris);
    }
}

---

3.2 Membuat Factory

php artisan make:factory DokumenFactory

Edit database/factories/DokumenFactory.php:

<?php

namespace Database\Factories;

use App\Models\Kategori;
use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory;

class DokumenFactory extends Factory
{
    public function definition(): array
    {
        $kodeDokumen = ['SK', 'ND', 'ST', 'SE'];
        $kode = $this->faker->randomElement($kodeDokumen);
        
        return [
            'kategori_id' => Kategori::inRandomOrder()->first()?->id ?? 1,
            'user_id' => User::inRandomOrder()->first()?->id ?? 1,
            'judul' => $this->faker->sentence(4),
            'nomor' => $kode . '/' . $this->faker->unique()->numerify('###') . '/2025',
            'deskripsi' => $this->faker->paragraph(),
            'status' => $this->faker->randomElement(['draft', 'pending', 'approved', 'rejected']),
            'tanggal_dokumen' => $this->faker->dateTimeBetween('-1 year', 'now'),
        ];
    }
    
    // State untuk dokumen approved
    public function approved(): static
    {
        return $this->state(fn (array $attributes) => [
            'status' => 'approved',
        ]);
    }
    
    // State untuk dokumen pending
    public function pending(): static
    {
        return $this->state(fn (array $attributes) => [
            'status' => 'pending',
        ]);
    }
}

---

3.3 DatabaseSeeder

Edit database/seeders/DatabaseSeeder.php:

<?php

namespace Database\Seeders;

use App\Models\User;
use App\Models\Dokumen;
use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;

class DatabaseSeeder extends Seeder
{
    public function run(): void
    {
        // Buat user admin
        User::factory()->create([
            'name' => 'Admin SiDoku',
            'email' => 'admin@sidoku.test',
        ]);
        
        // Buat 10 user random
        User::factory(10)->create();
        
        // Jalankan KategoriSeeder
        $this->call([
            KategoriSeeder::class,
        ]);
        
        // Buat 50 dokumen random
        Dokumen::factory(50)->create();
        
        // Buat 10 dokumen approved
        Dokumen::factory(10)->approved()->create();
    }
}

---

3.4 Menjalankan Seeder

# Jalankan DatabaseSeeder
php artisan db:seed

# Jalankan seeder tertentu
php artisan db:seed --class=KategoriSeeder

# Fresh migrate + seed
php artisan migrate:fresh --seed

---

SESI 4: Eloquent ORM

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4.1 Pengenalan Eloquent

Eloquent adalah Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) bawaan Laravel yang memudahkan interaksi dengan database menggunakan model PHP.

Konvensi Penamaan:

Model	Tabel Database
User	users
Dokumen	dokumens
Kategori	kategoris
DocumentCategory	document_categories

---

4.2 Membuat Model

# Model saja
php artisan make:model Kategori

# Model + Migration
php artisan make:model Kategori -m

# Model + Migration + Factory + Seeder + Controller
php artisan make:model Dokumen -mfsc

---

4.3 Model Kategori

app/Models/Kategori.php:

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;

class Kategori extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;
    
    // Nama tabel (jika tidak mengikuti konvensi)
    protected $table = 'kategoris';
    
    // Field yang bisa diisi mass assignment
    protected $fillable = [
        'nama',
        'kode',
        'deskripsi',
        'aktif',
    ];
    
    // Cast tipe data
    protected $casts = [
        'aktif' => 'boolean',
    ];
    
    // Relasi: Kategori memiliki banyak Dokumen
    public function dokumens(): HasMany
    {
        return $this->hasMany(Dokumen::class);
    }
    
    // Scope: Hanya kategori aktif
    public function scopeAktif($query)
    {
        return $query->where('aktif', true);
    }
}

---

4.4 Model Dokumen

app/Models/Dokumen.php:

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\SoftDeletes;

class Dokumen extends Model
{
    use HasFactory, SoftDeletes;
    
    protected $table = 'dokumens';
    
    protected $fillable = [
        'kategori_id',
        'user_id',
        'judul',
        'nomor',
        'deskripsi',
        'file_path',
        'status',
        'prioritas',
        'tanggal_dokumen',
    ];
    
    protected $casts = [
        'tanggal_dokumen' => 'date',
    ];
    
    // Relasi: Dokumen milik satu Kategori
    public function kategori(): BelongsTo
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(Kategori::class);
    }
    
    // Relasi: Dokumen milik satu User
    public function user(): BelongsTo
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
    }
    
    // Accessor: Format tanggal Indonesia
    public function getTanggalIndonesiaAttribute(): string
    {
        return $this->tanggal_dokumen->translatedFormat('d F Y');
    }
    
    // Scope: Filter by status
    public function scopeStatus($query, $status)
    {
        return $query->where('status', $status);
    }
    
    // Scope: Pencarian
    public function scopeCari($query, $keyword)
    {
        return $query->where(function ($q) use ($keyword) {
            $q->where('judul', 'like', "%{$keyword}%")
              ->orWhere('nomor', 'like', "%{$keyword}%");
        });
    }
}

---

4.5 Operasi CRUD dengan Eloquent

Create (Insert)

// Cara 1: create() dengan mass assignment
$kategori = Kategori::create([
    'nama' => 'Surat Masuk',
    'kode' => 'SM',
    'deskripsi' => 'Surat masuk dari eksternal',
]);

// Cara 2: new + save
$dokumen = new Dokumen();
$dokumen->judul = 'SK Mutasi Pegawai';
$dokumen->nomor = 'SK/001/2025';
$dokumen->kategori_id = 1;
$dokumen->user_id = 1;
$dokumen->tanggal_dokumen = now();
$dokumen->save();

// Cara 3: firstOrCreate
$kategori = Kategori::firstOrCreate(
    ['kode' => 'SK'],
    ['nama' => 'Surat Keputusan', 'deskripsi' => 'SK']
);

Read (Select)

// Ambil semua data
$dokumens = Dokumen::all();

// Ambil dengan kondisi
$pending = Dokumen::where('status', 'pending')->get();

// Ambil satu data
$dokumen = Dokumen::find(1);
$dokumen = Dokumen::findOrFail(1); // Throw 404 jika tidak ada

// First
$first = Dokumen::where('status', 'approved')->first();

// Select kolom tertentu
$dokumens = Dokumen::select('id', 'judul', 'nomor')->get();

// Ordering
$dokumens = Dokumen::orderBy('created_at', 'desc')->get();

// Limit
$dokumens = Dokumen::take(10)->get();

// Pagination
$dokumens = Dokumen::paginate(15);

// Dengan relasi (Eager Loading)
$dokumens = Dokumen::with(['kategori', 'user'])->get();

Update

// Cara 1: find + save
$dokumen = Dokumen::find(1);
$dokumen->status = 'approved';
$dokumen->save();

// Cara 2: update langsung
Dokumen::where('id', 1)->update(['status' => 'approved']);

// Cara 3: updateOrCreate
Dokumen::updateOrCreate(
    ['nomor' => 'SK/001/2025'],
    ['judul' => 'SK Mutasi Updated', 'status' => 'pending']
);

Delete

// Cara 1: find + delete
$dokumen = Dokumen::find(1);
$dokumen->delete();

// Cara 2: destroy
Dokumen::destroy(1);
Dokumen::destroy([1, 2, 3]);

// Cara 3: delete dengan kondisi
Dokumen::where('status', 'draft')->delete();

// Soft Delete (jika menggunakan SoftDeletes)
$dokumen->delete(); // Set deleted_at

// Restore soft deleted
$dokumen = Dokumen::withTrashed()->find(1);
$dokumen->restore();

// Force delete (permanent)
$dokumen->forceDelete();

---

4.6 Query Builder Lanjutan

// Multiple conditions
$dokumens = Dokumen::where('status', 'approved')
    ->where('kategori_id', 1)
    ->orderBy('tanggal_dokumen', 'desc')
    ->get();

// Or condition
$dokumens = Dokumen::where('status', 'approved')
    ->orWhere('status', 'pending')
    ->get();

// Where In
$dokumens = Dokumen::whereIn('status', ['approved', 'pending'])->get();

// Where Between
$dokumens = Dokumen::whereBetween('tanggal_dokumen', ['2025-01-01', '2025-06-30'])->get();

// Where Null
$dokumens = Dokumen::whereNull('file_path')->get();

// Count
$total = Dokumen::where('status', 'approved')->count();

// Sum, Avg, Max, Min
$stats = Dokumen::selectRaw('
    COUNT(*) as total,
    SUM(CASE WHEN status = "approved" THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) as approved
')->first();

// Group By
$byKategori = Dokumen::selectRaw('kategori_id, COUNT(*) as total')
    ->groupBy('kategori_id')
    ->get();

---

SESI 5: Relasi Eloquent

---

5.1 Jenis Relasi

Relasi	Contoh
One to One	User hasOne Profile
One to Many	Kategori hasMany Dokumen
Many to One	Dokumen belongsTo Kategori
Many to Many	Dokumen belongsToMany Tag

---

5.2 One to Many

Kategori memiliki banyak Dokumen:

// Di Model Kategori
public function dokumens(): HasMany
{
    return $this->hasMany(Dokumen::class);
}

// Penggunaan
$kategori = Kategori::find(1);
$dokumens = $kategori->dokumens; // Collection of Dokumen

Dokumen milik satu Kategori:

// Di Model Dokumen
public function kategori(): BelongsTo
{
    return $this->belongsTo(Kategori::class);
}

// Penggunaan
$dokumen = Dokumen::find(1);
$namaKategori = $dokumen->kategori->nama;

---

5.3 Many to Many

Contoh: Dokumen dan Tag

Migration untuk pivot table:

php artisan make:migration create_dokumen_tag_table

public function up(): void
{
    Schema::create('dokumen_tag', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->id();
        $table->foreignId('dokumen_id')->constrained('dokumens')->onDelete('cascade');
        $table->foreignId('tag_id')->constrained()->onDelete('cascade');
        $table->timestamps();
    });
}

Model Tag:

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsToMany;

class Tag extends Model
{
    protected $fillable = ['nama', 'slug'];
    
    public function dokumens(): BelongsToMany
    {
        return $this->belongsToMany(Dokumen::class, 'dokumen_tag');
    }
}

Di Model Dokumen:

public function tags(): BelongsToMany
{
    return $this->belongsToMany(Tag::class, 'dokumen_tag');
}

Operasi Many to Many:

// Attach tags ke dokumen
$dokumen = Dokumen::find(1);
$dokumen->tags()->attach([1, 2, 3]);

// Detach
$dokumen->tags()->detach([1, 2]);

// Sync (replace all)
$dokumen->tags()->sync([1, 3, 5]);

// Toggle
$dokumen->tags()->toggle([1, 2]);

// Ambil dokumen dengan tags
$dokumen = Dokumen::with('tags')->find(1);
foreach ($dokumen->tags as $tag) {
    echo $tag->nama;
}

---

5.4 Eager Loading

Menghindari N+1 query problem:

// [X] N+1 Problem (banyak query)
$dokumens = Dokumen::all();
foreach ($dokumens as $dok) {
    echo $dok->kategori->nama; // Query untuk setiap dokumen
}

// [OK] Eager Loading (hanya 2 query)
$dokumens = Dokumen::with('kategori')->get();
foreach ($dokumens as $dok) {
    echo $dok->kategori->nama; // Tidak ada query tambahan
}

// Multiple relations
$dokumens = Dokumen::with(['kategori', 'user', 'tags'])->get();

// Nested relations
$dokumens = Dokumen::with('kategori.dokumens')->get();

// Conditional eager loading
$dokumens = Dokumen::with(['kategori' => function ($query) {
    $query->where('aktif', true);
}])->get();

---

PRAKTIKUM: Implementasi Database SiDoku

---

Langkah 1: Buat Semua Migration

php artisan make:migration create_kategoris_table
php artisan make:migration create_dokumens_table
php artisan make:migration create_tags_table
php artisan make:migration create_dokumen_tag_table

---

Langkah 2: Buat Model

php artisan make:model Kategori -f
php artisan make:model Dokumen -f
php artisan make:model Tag -f

---

Langkah 3: Jalankan Migration dan Seeder

php artisan migrate:fresh --seed

---

Langkah 4: Update Controller

app/Http/Controllers/DokumenController.php:

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Models\Dokumen;
use App\Models\Kategori;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class DokumenController extends Controller
{
    public function index(Request $request)
    {
        $query = Dokumen::with(['kategori', 'user']);
        
        // Filter by status
        if ($request->has('status')) {
            $query->where('status', $request->status);
        }
        
        // Search
        if ($request->has('search')) {
            $query->cari($request->search);
        }
        
        $dokumens = $query->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')->paginate(10);
        
        return view('dokumen.index', compact('dokumens'));
    }
    
    public function create()
    {
        $kategoris = Kategori::aktif()->get();
        return view('dokumen.create', compact('kategoris'));
    }
    
    public function store(Request $request)
    {
        $validated = $request->validate([
            'judul' => 'required|string|max:255',
            'nomor' => 'required|string|max:50|unique:dokumens',
            'kategori_id' => 'required|exists:kategoris,id',
            'deskripsi' => 'nullable|string',
            'tanggal_dokumen' => 'required|date',
        ]);
        
        $validated['user_id'] = auth()->id() ?? 1;
        $validated['status'] = 'draft';
        
        Dokumen::create($validated);
        
        return redirect()->route('dokumen.index')
            ->with('success', 'Dokumen berhasil ditambahkan!');
    }
    
    public function show(Dokumen $dokumen)
    {
        $dokumen->load(['kategori', 'user', 'tags']);
        return view('dokumen.show', compact('dokumen'));
    }
    
    public function edit(Dokumen $dokumen)
    {
        $kategoris = Kategori::aktif()->get();
        return view('dokumen.edit', compact('dokumen', 'kategoris'));
    }
    
    public function update(Request $request, Dokumen $dokumen)
    {
        $validated = $request->validate([
            'judul' => 'required|string|max:255',
            'nomor' => 'required|string|max:50|unique:dokumens,nomor,' . $dokumen->id,
            'kategori_id' => 'required|exists:kategoris,id',
            'deskripsi' => 'nullable|string',
            'tanggal_dokumen' => 'required|date',
        ]);
        
        $dokumen->update($validated);
        
        return redirect()->route('dokumen.index')
            ->with('success', 'Dokumen berhasil diupdate!');
    }
    
    public function destroy(Dokumen $dokumen)
    {
        $dokumen->delete();
        
        return redirect()->route('dokumen.index')
            ->with('success', 'Dokumen berhasil dihapus!');
    }
}

---

Langkah 5: Update View

resources/views/dokumen/index.blade.php:

@extends('layouts.app')

@section('title', 'Daftar Dokumen')

@section('content')
    <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow p-6">
        <div class="flex justify-between items-center mb-6">
            <h1 class="text-2xl font-bold">Daftar Dokumen</h1>
            <a href="{{ route('dokumen.create') }}" 
               class="bg-blue-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded hover:bg-blue-600">
                + Tambah Dokumen
            </a>
        </div>
        
        {{-- Filter dan Search --}}
        <form method="GET" class="mb-6 flex gap-4">
            <input type="text" 
                   name="search" 
                   value="{{ request('search') }}"
                   placeholder="Cari judul atau nomor..."
                   class="border rounded px-3 py-2 w-64">
            
            <select name="status" class="border rounded px-3 py-2">
                <option value="">Semua Status</option>
                <option value="draft" {{ request('status') == 'draft' ? 'selected' : '' }}>Draft</option>
                <option value="pending" {{ request('status') == 'pending' ? 'selected' : '' }}>Pending</option>
                <option value="approved" {{ request('status') == 'approved' ? 'selected' : '' }}>Approved</option>
                <option value="rejected" {{ request('status') == 'rejected' ? 'selected' : '' }}>Rejected</option>
            </select>
            
            <button type="submit" class="bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded">Filter</button>
        </form>
        
        {{-- Flash message --}}
        @if(session('success'))
            <x-alert type="success" :message="session('success')" />
        @endif
        
        {{-- Table --}}
        <table class="w-full border-collapse">
            <thead>
                <tr class="bg-gray-200">
                    <th class="border p-2 text-left">No</th>
                    <th class="border p-2 text-left">Nomor</th>
                    <th class="border p-2 text-left">Judul</th>
                    <th class="border p-2 text-left">Kategori</th>
                    <th class="border p-2 text-left">Status</th>
                    <th class="border p-2 text-left">Tanggal</th>
                    <th class="border p-2 text-left">Aksi</th>
                </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
                @forelse($dokumens as $dok)
                    <tr class="hover:bg-gray-50">
                        <td class="border p-2">{{ $loop->iteration + ($dokumens->currentPage() - 1) * $dokumens->perPage() }}</td>
                        <td class="border p-2">{{ $dok->nomor }}</td>
                        <td class="border p-2">{{ $dok->judul }}</td>
                        <td class="border p-2">{{ $dok->kategori->nama ?? '-' }}</td>
                        <td class="border p-2">
                            <span class="px-2 py-1 rounded text-xs 
                                @if($dok->status == 'approved') bg-green-100 text-green-800
                                @elseif($dok->status == 'pending') bg-yellow-100 text-yellow-800
                                @elseif($dok->status == 'rejected') bg-red-100 text-red-800
                                @else bg-gray-100 text-gray-800
                                @endif">
                                {{ ucfirst($dok->status) }}
                            </span>
                        </td>
                        <td class="border p-2">{{ $dok->tanggal_dokumen->format('d/m/Y') }}</td>
                        <td class="border p-2">
                            <a href="{{ route('dokumen.show', $dok) }}" class="text-blue-500 hover:underline">Lihat</a>
                            <a href="{{ route('dokumen.edit', $dok) }}" class="text-yellow-500 hover:underline ml-2">Edit</a>
                            <form action="{{ route('dokumen.destroy', $dok) }}" method="POST" class="inline">
                                @csrf
                                @method('DELETE')
                                <button type="submit" 
                                        class="text-red-500 hover:underline ml-2"
                                        onclick="return confirm('Yakin hapus?')">Hapus</button>
                            </form>
                        </td>
                    </tr>
                @empty
                    <tr>
                        <td colspan="7" class="border p-4 text-center text-gray-500">
                            Belum ada dokumen
                        </td>
                    </tr>
                @endforelse
            </tbody>
        </table>
        
        {{-- Pagination --}}
        <div class="mt-4">
            {{ $dokumens->withQueryString()->links() }}
        </div>
    </div>
@endsection

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✅ Checkpoint Hari 3

Pastikan Anda sudah bisa:

• Membuat dan menjalankan migration
• Menggunakan seeder dan factory
• Membuat model dengan fillable, casts, dan relasi
• Melakukan operasi CRUD dengan Eloquent
• Menggunakan relasi One-to-Many dan Many-to-Many
• Menggunakan eager loading untuk optimasi query

Selamat! Anda siap untuk Hari 4: Advanced Features dan API!

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Referensi

• Laravel Migrations
• Laravel Eloquent
• Eloquent Relationships
• Database Seeding